英语动词时态用法归纳：过去将来时

一、基本结构

would+动词原形。

二、基本用法

(1) 表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的事情。常用于宾语从句中。如：

He said he would come. 他说他要来。

He told us he would go with us. 他告诉我们他会和我们一起去。

They were sure that they would win. 他们坚信他们会赢。

【注】在一定的语境中也可于其他从句或句子中：

It was a problem whether they would support us. 他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。

It was six o’clock. The sun would soon set. 这时是六点钟。太阳即将落山。

(2) 过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。如:

Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with the housework. 他一有时间就帮妈妈做家务活。

(3) 还可用来表示愿望或倾向。如：

He told me that the machine wouldn’t work. 他告诉我机器开不动。

We knew that he would never permit such a thing. 我们知道他决不会允许发生这样的事。

三、过去将来时间的几种常见表达方式

(1) was (were) going to+动词原形。

①表示过去某时准备做某事。如：

Marsha said she was going to have a try. 玛莎说她准备试试。

He was going to leave when I came in. 我进来时他正要离开。

②was going to有时可表示过去未曾实现的想法或打算。如：

I was going to see you last night, but I was too busy. 我昨晚本想去看你的，但太忙了。

(2) was (were)+不定式。

①表示定于过去某时将要做某事。如：

He told me that we were to leave at 2:30pm.他告诉我我们下午两点半动身。

He was to meet her at 10 outside the cinema. 他约定和她10点钟在电影院外见面。

②若表示过去没有实现或被取消的计划，则用was (were) to+动词完成式。如：

We were to have left at 6 last night. 我们本来计划昨晚6点离开的。

(3)was / were about+不定式在过去正要做某事。如：

I was just about to start when it began to rain. 我正要动身，这是天下起了雨。

The manager was about to leave when his secretary called him back. 经理快要离开时,他的秘书叫住了他。

(4) 用一般过去时表过去将来时。如：

Our teacher told us that school began on September 1. 老师告诉我们九月一号开学。

(5) 用过去进行时表将来时。如：

I didn’t know when you they were coming again.

(6) was (were) due to表示定于过去某时将要做某事。如：

They were due to leave at ten o’clock. 他们定于十点出发。